What is the Waterproof Fabric and How it is Used

Waterproof fabric is a specialized textile designed to repel water and prevent it from penetrating the material. This unique capability makes waterproof fabrics essential for a wide range of applications, from outdoor gear to everyday clothing. In this blog post, we’ll delve into what waterproof fabric is, how it works, its types, and its various uses.

1. What is Waterproof Fabric and how does it work?

Waterproof fabric is a type of textile that has been treated or engineered to resist water penetration. Unlike water-resistant fabrics that only delay the penetration of water, waterproof fabrics completely prevent water from passing through, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable even in wet conditions.

The waterproofness of a fabric is achieved through various methods:

Coating or Laminating: Fabrics can be coated or laminated with a waterproof material such as polyurethane (PU) or a waterproof membrane like Gore-Tex®. Coatings are applied directly to the fabric surface, while laminates involve bonding a waterproof membrane to the fabric.

DWR (Durable Water Repellent) Treatment: Many waterproof fabrics are treated with a DWR coating on the outer surface. DWR enhances the fabric’s ability to shed water by causing it to bead up and roll off the surface instead of soaking in.

Waterproof Membranes: These membranes are typically made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or polyurethane. They have microscopic pores that are too small for water droplets to pass through but large enough for water vapor (perspiration) to escape, allowing for breathability.

2. How Many Types of Waterproof Fabrics?

Polyurethane (PU) Coated Fabrics: These fabrics have a PU coating applied to one side, making them waterproof and often lightweight. They are commonly used in rain jackets, tents, and backpacks.

Waterproof Breathable Fabrics (e.g., Gore-Tex®): These fabrics feature a waterproof membrane laminated between layers of fabric. They offer superior waterproofing while allowing moisture vapor to escape, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable during physical activity.

Waxed Cotton: Cotton fabric treated with wax (such as beeswax or paraffin) becomes waterproof and wind-resistant. Waxed cotton is durable and has a classic look, often used in outerwear and bags.

Vinyl and Rubberized Fabrics: These fabrics are inherently waterproof due to their composition. They are commonly used in items like raincoats, boots, and waterproof bags.